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Thursday, December 29, 2011
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Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Selecting and Installing a Wind Turbine On Your Boat
For some time I have been exploring ways to produce energy without the aid of my trawler's generator. It does not take very long to use 100 hours of genset time, enough for another oil change. First it was a solar panel, and then came an inverter, and now, the latest is a wind turbine.
Wind has been used for producing energy for centuries; first in Persia (present-day Iran) as early as 200 B.C. However, the first known functional windmills were developed by the Dutch in 1300, by means of cloth sails stretched across wooden frames. In some designs these sails could be trimmed to take advantage of unpredictable wind speed conditions. The large windmills of the Dutch design remained in use all across Europe until the introduction of the steam engine in the 1800s.
Wind is in reality a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the irregular heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and revolving of the earth. Wind flow patterns are created by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, manmade structures and vegetation. We humans can use this wind flow for many purposes: sailing a boat, flying a kite, flying an airplane and even generating electricity. The term "wind power" describes the method by which the wind is used to produce mechanical power. This mechanical power can then be used for specific mechanical tasks such as grinding grain or pumping water. Or as used on a boat, an alternator in a wind turbine can convert this mechanical power into electrical energy.
So how do they make electricity? Simply stated, a wind generator works the reverse of a fan. As an alternative to using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind spins the blades, which turn a shaft. The shaft connects to an alternator and produces electricity. In our boat's turbine, the alternator produces 220 volt 3-phase AC current. The controller, converter, then converts the AC power to 12 volt DC power to charge the battery bank.
Wind Availability
When evaluating whether a wind turbine is economically realistic for your boat depends on the quality of your wind resources. Usually, average wind speeds of at least 10 mph are required for a small unit to generate enough electricity to be cost-effective. Being on the Atlantic coast, we have afternoon sea breezes in the summer which routinely produce 10-15 mph winds. If your boat is inland, your winds will likely be different.
The most significant component of evaluating your wind resource is an anemometer. Anemometers are wind measuring devices, typically designed with rotating cups mounted on a vertical shaft. The anemometer will allow you to "read" the wind speeds.
If there is another boat owner with a wind generator system in your area, you may be able to obtain useful information from its owners about the electrical output of the system and wind speed data. Such information could be tremendously valuable as an option to installing an anemometer.
Turbine Mounting
Determining the location to mount your wind turbine takes a bit of planning. It must be high enough to capture the wind, preferably away from arches, sails or masts that will block or alter wind flow. There is also the issue of rotating blades. We want to make sure that they do not strike anything while turning, especially someone's head while moving about the boat.
I chose to use the factory designed pole kit that was built for our turbine. It provides a 3-point connection which also allows us to lay it down for servicing. It is powder coated anodized aluminum, with stainless steel, brackets, designed to withstand the harsh marine environment.
My turbine is actually a hybrid system I designed using both wind power and solar power.
Being Neighborly
Many people feel strongly about the need to preserve the views and peace and quiet of their marinas. Expect some questions from your dockmates. Understand your neighbors' natural fear of the unknown and be prepared to respond to their concerns. Some of the concerns raised about wind turbines are not true. They are not, as many people think, hazardous to birds. A shiny reflective window is more dangerous to birds than a small wind turbine. They also have no potential to interfere with radio and television reception.
Wind Turbine Noise
Your neighbors' concerns involving wind turbine noise are important. Regardless of the size of the unit, the possibility for turbine noise to bother other people always exists. Even if a turbine does not emit enough sound to break any noise regulations, the noise it produces may still be offensive to other people. Older turbines were indeed noisy, but modern day engineering has developed turbine blades that are virtually silent. Our turbine is about 3 feet in diameter and at 4 mph winds; the unit produces a light flutter. At 10 mph the unit produces no sound at all.
Wind Turbine Advantages
-- Wind is free
-- Produces no waste or greenhouse gases
-- Does not usually get in the way of other boating activities
Wind Turbine Disadvantages
-- The wind is not always predictable - some days we have no wind at all
-- Some people feel that wind turbines ruin the lines of a boat; I thought that way too in the beginning but have since changed my opinion
-- Some units can be noisy. The small modern wind generators used on boats hardly produce any sound at all
How Much Power Do They Produce
Turbines can be purchased that produce different power outputs. The turbine that I chose is a Sunforce 450 watt turbine. It has a cut-in speed of 4 mph and has a survival wind speed capacity of 157 mph.
The amps (power) produced is:
-- 6 mph winds - 8.3 amps
-- 10 mp winds - 25 amps
-- 14 mph winds - 58.3 amps
The unit has a built in brake that will engage automatically when the batteries are at full charge, or it can be manually set if so desired.
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Thursday, December 8, 2011
Car Battery Trickle Charger
You want to store your car, or RV, but you know that when you go to start your vehicle after it's been sitting for a few weeks or months, that your battery will be dead.
The car battery trickle charger is specifically designed for the maintenance of 12 Volt batteries that are used periodically or kept in storage for extended periods.
The normal self-discharge of a battery is prevented when using a car battery trickle charger. In addition, the life of rechargeable 12 volt batteries is extended by providing a minimum current, regulated output.
Low quality chargers will produce a strong, rapid charge that often will decay electrodes and boil out liquids. We strongly recommend purchasing a charger that; once your battery has been fully charged, it will automatically shut-off and then resume charging as your battery level drops. Also, check to make sure the charger you buy is specifically designed for longterm use. You want to be able to safely leave it connected to your battery for days, weeks, months, even years!
More important tips for vehicle storage:
Gas up
Air carries moisture with it and that will result in condensation in the tank. To reduce this as much as possible make sure the tank is as full as it can be. This will reduce the condensation and considerably lessen the amount of water in the gas and the injection system. Get a gasoline stabilizer such as Stabil and put this in before filling the tank. You will need to run the engine for a while to ensure that the stabilized gas has penetrated the entire injection system.
Change the oil filter and the oil
The contaminants in old oil will corrode the insides of your engine so it's important to put fresh oil and a new filter in the car.
Over-inflate Tires
Inflate automobile tire to approximately 40 or 45 psi. Modern radial tires aren't known to have problems with flat spotting from storage. Still, some people suggest that you roll the car a little every 2 weeks or so. It is strongly recommended that you don't jack the vehicle up and rotate the tires because when you lower the car the suspension will be loaded up. Try and check the pressure of the tires every few weeks or so and watch for slow leaks.
Some say that the suspension will sag by putting the car up on jacks. Letting it sit on the ground for the few months shouldn't lead to any problems.
Clean the vehicles interior
When it comes time to take your vehicle out of storage you won't clean it. You may not want to clean it before you put it in storage but when you take it out you simply won't do it. So, take some time and get everything really clean. Clean the carpets. Clean the glass, inside and out. Clean behind the pedal cluster. Clean and condition the leather. You'll be surprised at the dirt you'll find. Clean all the nooks and crannies. Also, don't forget to also clean the trunk, etc. There is a full season of dirt and junk in the vehicle that you're not going to want to carry into the next season. Moth balls and a bag or two of the silica gel inside the car (which absorbs any moisture in the air) are excellent preventative measures.
Wash the vehicle
Dust and dirt are corrosive to any paint job so to ensure a longer life it's important when storing to not leave those elements on the vehicle, but take care not to put it away wet. This can be challenging if you want to use the vehicle right up to wet or snow season. You should never put your car away wet because rust will form everywhere the water collects. You'll want to try anticipating the weather and cleaning the car and driving it a little to dry it out before storage. Then it will be necessary to get the dust off before storing it with a wipe down with wet/damp towels followed drying it with towels. Another option is one of the "quick detailer sprays" available at many auto parts stores.
Wax car
This is recommended but it may be difficult to get in a good waxing of the car depending on the temperature when you are preparing to store it. A good quality of wax will be too difficult to apply in low temperatures.
Condition the rubber parts
Many of the brand name products for treating rubber put on greasy coatings of silicon (Silicon isn't good for paint) or tend to build up over time and actually make the trim look worse. Use a good rubber conditioner to preserve all the trim.
Clean the wheels
Brake dust is highly corrosive and it's not good to have it sitting on your wheels for weeks or months at a time. To do the most thorough job remove the wheels from the car, clean them on the outside and inside.
Cover Openings
Sealing up the exhaust tips will help to prevent rust inside the exhaust system. Close the heater vents and any other openings. Every 2 weeks or so, it's probably a good idea to make a periodic inspection. Check if any leaks developed or if any mice are nesting.
Engine Storage
Spray WD 40 into cylinders
Take out spark plugs
Spray WD 40 into air intakes
Turn over the engine by hand with wrench a couple of times
Every three months repeat this (except the spark plugs which will no longer be in the engine)
To change the wheel bearing position, every three months turn wheels, or move car into different location
And for manual transmissions shift into one gear and move gear box internal around
Every six months drive the vehicle.
Starting the vehicle
There are differing views on whether starting a vehicle periodically while it is in storage is a good idea. Starting the engine puts considerable thermal stress on parts which are often in cold temperatures. The majority of engine wear occurs in the first few minutes when a car has been started because the oil is still in the oil pan and not lubricating the engine. In cold weather the engine may not get hot enough to burn off the moisture, acids, etc. the car is creating while running. This contaminates the clean oil. If you are going to store your car for a really long time then it needs to be run periodically to keep it operable.
Monday, December 5, 2011
Solar Powered Battery Chargers - Free Power From Heaven
With the rising price of fuel costs, the solar panel charger, and other solar power accessories, such as lights, batteries etc. have become increasingly popular. Basically Solar panel chargers work on the principle of collecting readily available sunlight and converting it into electricity. Solar power is a versatile source of renewable energy and it can be used in a varied number of applications, such as providing power for anything from cars and boats to homes and caravans.
The Solar power charge is collected uses photovoltaic solar panels. A solar panel charger is made up of panels each consisting of solar modules. These in themselves contain solar collector cells.
The Solar battery chargers are commonly used for outdoor lighting; they can provide all the luxuries of home while traveling; they will take a lot of the hardships out of your camping and hiking, and can provide much needed assistance during an emergency. They can also be used to supply the power for larger items such as small cars and handicap scooters etc.
Solar power can be used in a number of different situations such as in street lighting, keeping your business sign flashing, or small night lights to show the way in the home and garden. As well as the common necessities, the power generated by these solar panel chargers can be used for other resources, for instance, to supply the power needed for lighting and heat in homes, business, factories and schools.
A solar panel charger is extra convenient because all you need to run it is a period of direct sunlight on the panels. This makes a solar panel charger a must have portable source of electrical power. Solar chargers are indispensable in areas and situations where there is limited, or, even worse, no access to mains electricity; situations such as being out in the bush, working on a farm or ranch or even taking time off and relaxing on the beach.
Solar Power is more suited to RVs which use direct current (DC Power); this is the same type of power that is generated by the solar panel charger.
When the energy generated by the solar charging panel has to be used in circumstances calling for alternating current (AC Power), such as in your home, then a slight loss in energy is suffered as a consequence.
The first instance of solar power being tested and used was at The Natural Bridges Monument in the February of 1980, but it was not until May of that year when the whole system came into operation.
What does the future hold for Solar Panel charger power? Well for a start, solar power has great expectations for providing all of our energy needs and also solves some of the problems associated with the greenhouse emission gasses.
Some of the plans in consideration involves the use of solar panel arrays, about a kilometre in size, orbiting in space, beaming their power down to earth to be picked up by a number of ground based antennas, where the solar energy would be converted into usable electricity.
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